LIVER(GROSS)
31. Thediaphragmatic surface of the liver is made of:
a.base, superior and inferior surface
b.base, superior and anterior surface
c.base, superior and posterior surface
d.All of the above
ANSWER: B
NOTE:The liver has a convex diaphragmatic surface(anterior, superior, and some posterior).
32.The concave visceral surface of theliver is made of:
a.anterosuperior surface
b.anteroinferior surface
c.posterosuperior surface
d.posteroinferior surface
ANSWER: D
NOTE:the visceral surface of the liver is directed inferiorly, posteriorly, and tothe left.
33. Subphrenic recesses IS:
a. inferior extensions of peritoneal cavity
b. superior extentions of peritoneal cavity
c. anterior extentions of peritoneal cavity
d. posterior extentions of peritoneal cavity
ANSWER: B
NOTE: Subphrenic recesses—superior
extensions of theperitoneal cavity (greater sac)—exist between
diaphragm and the anterior andsuperior aspects of the diaphragmatic
surface of the liver.
34.The subphrenic recesses are separated into right and left recesses by the :
a.coronary ligament
b.ligamentum teres
c.falciform ligament
d.ligamentum venosum
ANSWER: C
NOTE:The subphrenic recesses are separated into right and left recesses by the falciform ligament, which extends between the liver and theanterior abdominal wall.
35.The hepatorenal recess is the:
a. posterosuperiorextension of the subhepatic space
b.posteroinferior extension of the subhepatic space
c.anterosuperior extension of the subhepatic space
d.anteroinferior extension of the subhepatic space
ANSWER: A
NOTE:it
lies between the right part of the visceral surface of the liver and
theright kidney and suprarenal gland, The portion of the supracolic
compartment ofthe peritoneal cavity immediately inferior to the liver is
the subhepatic space.
36. the falciform ligament anteriorly is attached to:
a. diaphragm and infraumblical anterior abdominal wall
b. diaphragm and supraumblical posterior abdominal wall
b. diaphragm and supraumblical posterior abdominal wall
c.diaphragm and supraumblical anterior abdominal wall
d. diaphragm and infraumblical posterior abdominal wall
ANSWER: C
NOTE: The falciform ligament is the ventral part of the ventralabdominal wall
37. which is not correct about falciform ligament:
a. the apex is attached to the umbilicus
b. the attached margin is attached to the anterior abdominal wall
c. the free margin is attached to posterior abdominal wall
d. the base is attached to the anterosuperior surface
ANSWER: C
NOTE: The free margin has a paraumblical vein as content
38. which ligament passed to the left extremity of the portalhepatis and fuses with the left branch of the portal vein:
a. coronary ligament
b. round ligament
c. right triangular ligament
d. left triangular ligament
ANSWER: B
NOTE:
The round ligament passes from the free edge of the falciformligament
into a fissure on the posteroinferior surface of the liver.
39. which is not the contents of free margin of falciform ligament;
a. anterior abdominal wall
b. ligamentum teres
c. paraumblical vein
ANSWER: A
NOTE:
Posterosuperiorly, the falciform ligament forms the anteriormargin of
bare area. The ligamentum teres represents the left umbilical vein ofthe
embryo, The round ligament and small paraumbilicalveins course in the free edge of the falciform ligament.
40. the diaphragm separates the liver from:
a. pericardium
b. lung
c. right pleural cavity
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
NOTE: the right lobe of the liver is separated from the costodiaphragmaticrecess of the pleura by the diaphragm.
41. the bile canaliculi join to form:
a. the bile ductules
b. the hepatic duct
c. the cystic duct
d. All of the above
ANSWER: A
NOTE: The bile canaliculi joins to form bile ductules which, inturnform interlobular ducts.
42. interlobular ducts emerge from portal hepatis as:
a. cystic duct
b. right and left hepatic duct
c. common hepatic duct
d. none of the above
ANSWER:B
NOTE:
The right and left hepatic duct join to form common hepaticduct, the
common hepatic duct is directly continuous with the bile duct, wherethe
cystic duct from the gall bladder joins it.
43. which is not the contents of portal triad:
a. right and left common hepatic ducts
b. right and left hepatic vessels
c. lymphatics and autonomic fibres
d. NOne of the above
ANSWER: D
NOTE:
The portal triadenters liver at the portal hepatis. The bare area of
the liver is bounded bysuperior and inferior coronary ligament and right
triangular ligament.
44. folds of peritoneum related to the liver are:
a. ligaments of liver
b. lesser omentum
c. All of the above
ANSWER: C
NOTE:
The lesser omentun arises from the fissures of theporta-hepatis and
ligamentum venosum and passes as a sheet to be attached toalong the
lesser curvature of the stomach.
45. Which of the following is a visceral relation of The inferior surface of the liver:
a. gastric impression
b. tuber omentale
c. fissure for ligamentum teres containing it
d. quadrate lobe
e. porta-hepatis and its contents
f. fossa for gallbladder
g. duodenal impression
h. renal impression
i. colic impression
j. All of the above
ANSWER: J
NOTE: The round ligament of the liver(Lligamentum teres hepatis) isthe fibrous remnant of the umbilical vein, whichcarried well-oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus.
46. Which of the following is a visceralrelation of The SUPerior surface of the liver:
a. diaphragm
b. pericardium
c. left and right pleura containing lungs
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
NOTE: The
visceral surface of the liver is covered with peritoneum,except at the
fossa for the gallbladder and the porta hepatis—a transversefissure
where the vessels (hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and
lymphaticvessels), the hepatic nerve plexus, and hepatic ducts that
supply and drain theliver enter and leave it. In contrast to the smooth
diaphragmatic surface, thevisceral surface bears multiple fissures and
impressions from contact withother organs.
47. Which of the following is NOT a visceral relation of The ANTerior surface of the liver:
a. anterior abdominal wall
b. posterior abdominal wall
c. diaphragm
ANSWER: B
NOTE: Two sagittally orientedfissures, linked centrally by the transverse porta hepatis,form the letter H on the visceral surface. The right sagittal fissure is the continuous groove formedanteriorly by the fossa for the gallbladder and posteriorly by the groove forthe vena cava. The left sagittal fissure is thecontinuous groove formed anteriorly by the fissure for theround ligament and posteriorly by the fissure for theligamentum venosum.
48. Which of the following is a visceralrelation of The POSTerior surface of the liver:
a. oesophageal impression
b. fissure for ligamentum venosumcontaining it
c. caudate lobe
d. fossa for imperior vena cava
e. bare area of liver
f. All of the above
ANSWER: F
NOTE: The ligamentumvenosum is the fibrous remnant of the fetal ductusvenosus, which shunted blood from the umbilical vein to the IVC,short-circuiting the liver
49. Which of the following is not avisceral relation of The Right-lateral surface of theliver:
a. diaphragm
b. ribs-5,6,7,8,and 9th
c. right pleura and lungs
d. anterior abdominal all
ANSWER: D
NOTE: The thick, free edge of thelesser omentum extends between the porta hepatis and the duodenum (the hepatoduodenal ligament) and encloses the structures thatpass through the porta hepatis. The sheet-like remainder of the lesser omentum,the hepatogastric ligament, extends between the groovefor the ligamentum venosum and the lesser curvature of the stomach.
50. The following statements concerning the LIVER arecorrect EXCEPT which
a. portal vein gives 70-80% of blood to the liver
b. hepatic artery gives 20-30% of blood to the liver
c. hepatic vein drains into IVC
d. the liver has five anatomical lobes
ANSWER: D
NOTE:
the liver isdivided into two anatomical lobes and two accessory lobes
by the reflections ofperitoneum from its surface, the fissures formed in
relation to thosereflections and the vessels serving the liver and the
gallbladder.
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