56. which is not a contents of sinus of the kidney:
a. renal pelvis
b. renal vessels
c. calyces
d.none of the above
ANSWER: D
NOTE: Structures that serve the kidneys (vessels, nerves, and structures that drain urine from the kidney) enter and exit the renal sinus through the renal hilum, At the hilum, the renal vein is anterior to the renal artery, which is anterior to the renal pelvis.
57.The following statements concerning the RENAL FASCIA are correct EXCEPT which:
a. is continuous laterally with the transversalis fascia
b. is continuous superiorly with the diaphragmatic fascia
c. is continuous medially with the fascia around the suprarenals glands
d. is continuous medially with the fascia around the renal vessels
ANSWER: C
NOTE: The renal pelvis receives two or three major calices (calyces), each of which divides into two or three minor calices. Each minor calyx is indented by a renal papilla, the apex of the renal pyramid, from which the urine is excreted.
58. which of the following regarding Renal Fascia is false:
a. Encloses kidneys as well as suprarenal glands
b. Causes suprarenal glands to move when Kidneys are excessively mobile
c. is continuous medially with the fascia around the renal vessels
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
NOTE: The lateral margin of each kidney is convex, and the medial margin is concave where the renal sinus and renal pelvis are located.
59. which of the following regarding KIDNEY is false:
a. the kidneys normally lie at the level of T12-L3 vertebrae
b. the kidneys normally lie at the level of T9-L4 vertebrae
C. They lie retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
NOTE: They lie retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column at the level of the T12-L3 vertebrae.
60. Posteriorly, each kidney is related to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. diaphragm
b. psoas major
c. quadratus lomburum
d. anterior abdominal wall
e. transverses abdominis
f. subcostal vessels
g.12th rib-right kidney
h. 11th and 12th rib-left kidney
ANSWER: D
NOTE: The subcostal nerve and vessels and the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves descend diagonally across the posterior surfaces of the kidneys.
61. Anteriorly, right kidney is related to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. 2nd part of deudenum and transverse colon
b. right suprarenal gland
c. left suprarenal gland
d. liver and jejunum separated by peritoneum
ANSWER: C
NOTE: The liver, duodenum, and ascending colon are anterior to the right kidney, This kidney is separated from the liver by the hepatorenal recess.
62. Anteriorly, Left kidney is related to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. pancreas and tranverse colon
b. Left suprarenal gland
c. right suprarenal gland
d. stomach, spleen and jejunum separated by peritoneum
ANSWER: C
NOTE: The left kidney is related to the stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, and descending colon.
63. ureteric bud gives rise to:
a. ureter
b. renal pelvis
c. major and minor calyces
d.pyramids
e. all of these
ANSWER: E
NOTE: The renal pelvis is the flattened, funnel-shaped expansion of the superior end of the ureter.
64. which of the following regarding KIDNEY is false:
a. renal arteries supply both kidneys
b. renal vein drain directly into IVC
c. lymphatics is directly from para-aortic lymph nodes
d. none of the above
ANSWER: D
NOTE: The renal arteries arise at the level of the IV disc between the L1 and L2 vertebrae.
65. which of the following regarding URETER is false:
a. the ureter is approximately 20–30 cm long and courses from the hilum of the kidney to the bladder
b. It has a muscular wall and is lined by transitional epithelium
c. It passes along the medial part of psoas major
d. none
ANSWER: D
NOTE: The ureters occupy a sagittal plane that intersects the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
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